1 避免无效开场白

如果想要做一次精彩的报告，应当建议避免使用一下几个开场白。因为这些句子（对于英语母语学者）显得有些矫揉造作：

My name is X, and my presentation is entitled Y.

Hello everyone. My topic today is X.

Today I’m going to present about X.

是不是很熟悉？事实上，这样的开场白可能使得观众厌烦--他们会联想到“中学课堂英语”的自我介绍，因此，这样的开场白应用于学术演讲不算是很好的选择（如果汇报时间充足的话，也是可以的）。尤其在时间有限的汇报中，观众更关心研究内容，而不是承认特定演讲者的复杂背景或从属关系。

但是，如果为了开场白不落于俗套而选择以下方式也不妥当：

I’ll present on X, OK? OK, so, I’ve just changed the title to show… X.

I’m gonna talk about something that is very hot and sexy…

因为这种开场白对事件的严肃性缺乏关注，表达了对观众过于随意的熟悉，显示出对人际关系维度的过度应用。

2 八个开场白策略

1） 回应会议主席

It is my pleasure to speak/be here today.

Thank you, Mr./Ms. Chairperson, for your kind introduction.

Thank you Mr./Ms Chairperson, and good morning/afternoon/evening colleagues

恰当的回应主席是一种礼貌。

2） 从已知事实引入

As you know/As you can see/As we all know…

阐述已知事实可以与观众建立联系，从而引出新话题。

3） 提出质疑

It is often believed that…

While prior studies on X have shown…

质疑已知事实可以有效的吸引人们的注意。因为它通知观众汇报者将会和某个事实采取相反立场。

4） 提出问题

What are the mechanisms that underlie incidences of X?

What is the difference between X and Y?

More to the point, why are they different?

How should we approach the problem of X?

这种问答模式作为一种开放策略是有效的，听众自然而然会等待问题的答案

5） 提供背景信息

In 2013 we began observation on 12 patients who presented with…

Over the past three years at X hospital, we have been observing…

Recently, our institution introduced…

提供背景信息有助于确定演讲者的立场，从而更好地让观众预测当前的情况。

6） 介绍理由和目的

I’d like to start my presentation by explaining the rationale for the program.

The data I’m going to present today is based upon…

In our study, we wanted to determine the correlation between X and Y.

介绍理由或目的的开场白提供了很强的方向性。

7） 揭示结论

The main cause of X, is not Y but in fact Z.

We have discovered a new relationship between X and Y.

There is increasing evidence that…

首先得出结论，再回到研究问题和方法上。这种方法在政治或辩论演讲中可能更为常见。

8） 强调研究新颖性

This is a simple but alarming topic regarding…

Recently, X has been reported in relation to X.

I’m here today to share with you some recent data on…

For decades there has been broad interest in X

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编译/婷婷

参考资料

Guest, M. . (2018). Conferencing and Presentation English for Young Academics.